Congenital Heart Disease

Acyanotic

1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

ventricular-septal-defect.png

  • left to right shunt
  • pansystolic murmur
  • best heard at left lower sternal edge
  • radiates to the right
  • Management: pulmonary artery banding

2. Atrial septal defect (ASD)

atrial-septal-defect.png

  • ejection systolic murmur & fixed splitting of S2
  • best heard at left upper sternal edge

3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

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  • machinery/continuous murmur
  • best heard at left infracavicular
  • often radiates to the back

Cyanotic

  • The symptoms are chronic cyanosis and finger clubbing.
  • Can be further divided into cyanotic HD without heart failure and cyanotic HD with heart failure.

Without heart failure

1. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

tetralogy-of-fallot.png

  • Murmur: ejection systolic (caused by pulm. stenosis not VSD)
  • Tetralogy: (1) pulmonary stenosis, (2) VSD, (3) right ventricular hypertrophy, (4) overriding aorta
  • Pathogenesis: pulm. stenosis + VSD → ↑RV pressure to push blood through stenosed pulm. artery → Rt ventricular hypertrophy → ↑RV pressure making it almost the same as LV pressure → no murmur at VSD
  • Complications: hypercyanotic spell, infective endocarditis, embolic stroke (due to dislodged vegetation)
  • Management: Blalock-Taussig shunt

2. Tricuspid atresia

tricuspid-atresia.png

With heart failure

Signs & symptoms of heart failure in children

1. Transposition of great artery

transposition-of-great-arteries.png

2. Truncus arteriosus

truncus-arteriosus.png

Interactive Graph
Table Of Contents
Congenital Heart Disease
Acyanotic
1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2. Atrial septal defect (ASD)
3. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Cyanotic
Without heart failure
1. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
2. Tricuspid atresia
With heart failure
1. Transposition of great artery
2. Truncus arteriosus